Seasonal Allergies and the Microbiome: How the Gut Influences the Immune Response

When seasonal allergies start, the explanation always sounds the same: more pollen in the air, more sneezing, more stuffy nose, more eye irritation. That's true, but it doesn't tell the whole story. A growing body of research shows that the allergic response doesn't depend only on what we breathe in, but also on how the immune system reacts. And this reaction can be significantly influenced by the gut and its microbiome as well.

In recent years, the gut microbiome has become one of the most studied topics in the field of immunity. The balance of gut bacteria contributes to the maturation of the immune system, the regulation of tolerance to external stimuli, and the modulation of inflammation. When this ecosystem loses balance, we speak of dysbiosis: a condition that, according to the most recent reviews, has been associated in some studies with altered regulation of the organism's response to allergens, including those involved in allergic rhinitis.

This doesn't mean that seasonal allergies "originate in the gut", nor that working on the microbiome alone is enough to make symptoms disappear. It does mean, however, that the gut can represent one of the grounds on which the way the body reacts to pollen and other environmental allergens is played out. This reasoning is very consistent with Swiss Natural Med content already published on the role of the microbiome in immune defense, mood, and general wellbeing.

In this article we'll look at:

• what connection really exists between seasonal allergies and the gut

• what research says about the relationship between the gut microbiome and allergic rhinitis

• which daily signals may suggest a more reactive terrain

• how to work seriously and realistically on diet, lifestyle, and microbiome

• and how the Swiss Natural Med approach can integrate work on gut, immune system, and allergy season

The goal isn't to offer shortcuts, but to better understand why some people go through pollen season with more difficulty than others, and which levers, besides symptomatic remedies, can help support a more balanced response.

Seasonal allergies and the gut: what connection really exists

When seasonal allergies come up, the mind immediately goes to pollen, wind, dry days, blooming meadows. That's a correct but incomplete association. Pollen is the external trigger, while the response with which the body reacts depends on a much more complex internal balance, one that also involves the gut, gut microbiome, and immune system.

In recent years, several reviews and meta-analyses have shown that allergic rhinitis is not just a local issue affecting the nose and respiratory mucosa, but can also be linked to an imbalance of the gut microbiome. In particular, the most recent systematic review shows that people with allergic rhinitis tend to have a different microbiome composition compared to healthy controls, with alterations that can affect immune regulation.

The gut as conductor of immune tolerance

To understand this connection, we need to start from a key point: a significant part of the immune system develops and regulates itself right in the gut. The gut microbiome helps teach the immune system the difference between what needs to be tolerated and what requires a defensive response.

When this ecosystem is rich, diverse and well-nourished, it favors more balanced immune regulation. When dysbiosis occurs instead — that is, an alteration of the microbial balance — the immune system can become more reactive, less efficient at tolerance, and more prone to responding to stimuli that, in theory, should be harmless, like pollen.

This doesn't mean that seasonal allergies "originate in the gut", but that gut terrain can influence how the organism reacts to allergen exposure.

Why some people react more to pollen

Not everyone exposed to the same pollen develops the same symptoms. Some go through the season with mild discomfort, others experience intense allergic rhinitis, with:

• stuffy or continuously runny nose

• repeated sneezing

• irritated eyes

• feeling of fatigue and worsened sleep

• greater mucosal inflammation

Part of this difference may depend on genetic and environmental factors, but today we know that the way the gut microbiome modulates the immune response also plays a role. The most recent reviews on the gut-lung axis and gut-nose axis suggest that the microbiome may be involved in modulating respiratory mucosal function and the allergic response through immune mediators and metabolites produced in the gut.

The key concept: not just symptom, but terrain

This is where the Swiss Natural Med approach can be particularly useful. As with the articles on gut and immune defense or gut and mood, the point here isn't to limit oneself to the symptom, but to observe the terrain:

• how regular is the gut

• how stable is the gut microbiome

• what is the general level of inflammation

• how are sleep, stress, and diet quality

In other words, pollen remains the external stimulus. But the way the body responds to that stimulus also depends on the quality of the internal terrain on which the immune system operates.

This is precisely why it makes sense to read this article as part of a larger cluster on the role of the microbiome in general wellbeing. On the Swiss Natural Med Magazine you'll already find content that helps complete the picture:

👉 Gut and immune defense in winter: the role of the microbiome
https://swissnaturalmed.ch/en/blogs/magazine/intestino-difese-immunitarie-inverno-microbiota

👉 Prebiotics and probiotics: what they are, differences, and what they're for
https://swissnaturalmed.ch/en/blogs/magazine/prebiotici-e-probiotici-cosa-sono

Gut microbiome and allergic rhinitis: what research says

In recent years, the relationship between the gut microbiome and allergic rhinitis has become one of the most studied topics in the field of respiratory allergies. The most useful summary today is this: those who suffer from allergic rhinitis often have a different microbiome than healthy subjects, and this difference can contribute to making the immune response more reactive to allergens like pollen.

To understand why this happens, we need to start from a simple concept. The gut microbiome doesn't just "live in the gut": it participates in regulating the immune system, helping it distinguish between what must be tolerated and what requires a defensive response. When the microbiome is rich and diverse, it favors a more balanced response. When dysbiosis occurs instead, this balance can break down and the immune system can become more prone to excessive reactions.

In the case of allergic rhinitis, the most recent reviews describe exactly this scenario:

• decline in certain beneficial bacteria

• altered production of gut metabolites

• greater tendency toward immune imbalance in favor of a Th2 response, typical of allergic conditions

• lower efficiency of the immune mechanisms that help maintain tolerance to environmental allergens

A particularly interesting point concerns the metabolites produced by the microbiome. Among these, short-chain fatty acids derived from fiber fermentation appear to play an important role in supporting gut mucosal integrity and in modulating the immune response even at a distance. When these metabolites decrease, the immune system can become less tolerant and more reactive toward allergens.

This is exactly where the topic becomes relevant from a Swiss Natural Med perspective as well: pollen allergy isn't just a "nose" problem, but can be read as an immune response that is also built on a more or less stable gut terrain.

Gut-lung axis and gut-nose axis

Recent literature increasingly uses expressions like gut-lung axis and gut-nose axis. These terms describe the fact that what happens in the gut can also influence distant tissues, such as the airways and nasal mucosa, through immune and metabolic signals.

In the case of allergic rhinitis, this means that gut dysbiosis can contribute to greater fragility of the immune system precisely in the way it reacts to pollen and other inhaled allergens.

This also helps explain why many people, during allergy season, don't just experience sneezing and stuffy nose, but also:

• greater fatigue

• less restful sleep

• a feeling of more diffuse inflammation

• a more sensitive or irregular gut

This isn't automatic proof of causality, but a pattern consistent with what we know today about the connections between microbiome, immunity, and mucosal health.

What we really know about probiotics

The next step inevitably concerns probiotics. Here too, balance is needed: the evidence is promising but not conclusive. The most recent reviews and meta-analyses show that probiotics have been studied as additional support in allergic rhinitis, especially on certain symptoms and quality-of-life indices. Results, however, remain heterogeneous and depend heavily on strains, dosages, and treatment duration.

In other words: probiotics can make sense, but they don't represent a miracle cure and don't replace standard clinical management. This is why, even in a Swiss Natural Med context, the most correct logic remains the same one already seen in the articles on gut and immune defense or gut and skin: first you understand the terrain, then you assess how to support it coherently.

The daily signals that connect seasonal allergies, gut, and inflammation

One of the most interesting aspects of the relationship between seasonal allergies and the gut is that, in daily life, symptoms rarely stay confined to the nose and eyes. Many people notice that in periods when allergic rhinitis worsens, fatigue also increases, sleep becomes less restorative, the body feels more inflamed and, in some cases, the gut becomes more sensitive or irregular.

This alone doesn't prove a direct causal relationship, but it is consistent with what we know today about the role of the gut microbiome in immune regulation and the quality of the inflammatory response.

When nose, energy, and gut worsen together

A recurring pattern is this: during pollen season, respiratory symptoms increase, but at the same time other, less "classic" signals appear, such as:

• bloating

• slower digestion

• irregular bowel movements

• a stronger feeling of general inflammation

• difficulty recovering after intense days

In these cases it's useful to observe the whole picture. Reviews on the gut-lung axis and the microbiome in allergic rhinitis explain that the gut can influence the quality of the mucosal immune response, not only at the digestive level but also at the respiratory level.

Pollen allergy and a feeling of "general inflammation"

Many people who suffer from pollen allergy report not just feeling "congested" but genuinely more vulnerable: they sleep worse, feel more drained, have more nervous hunger, and perceive their body as less resilient.

This feeling makes biological sense. During allergy season, the immune system works in a state of heightened activation; add in stress, more disorderly eating, poor sleep, or a degree of gut dysbiosis, and the body can enter a phase of greater inflammation and lower tolerance.

The signals worth observing together

There are some signals that, when they appear in parallel, can suggest terrain more reactive than necessary:

• allergic rhinitis that worsens along with bloating and gut irregularity

• allergy periods in which fatigue also increases

• more fragmented sleep in weeks of heavier pollen exposure

• greater sensitivity to heavy meals, alcohol, or highly processed foods during allergy season

• a feeling of not recovering as well, even when respiratory symptoms don't seem particularly severe

These signals aren't diagnostic, but they can be a useful compass. They help shift the reasoning from "my nose is stuffy, so I just need a local remedy" to a more complete question: what condition is my immune and gut terrain in?

The role of stress

There's also a factor that amplifies everything: stress. When the nervous system stays in a state of prolonged activation, the body becomes less efficient at modulating inflammation, the gut microbiome can lose stability, and sleep quality worsens. This creates a cycle in which the organism feels more exposed and less able to get through allergy season well.

For anyone who especially recognizes themselves in the bloating + immunity combination, it may be useful to also explore these Magazine contents:

👉 Gut and immune defense in winter: the role of the microbiome
https://swissnaturalmed.ch/en/blogs/magazine/intestino-difese-immunitarie-inverno-microbiota

👉 Prebiotics and probiotics: what they are, differences, and what they're for
https://swissnaturalmed.ch/en/blogs/magazine/prebiotici-e-probiotici-cosa-sono

Lifestyle and diet: how to support the gut microbiome during allergy season

When seasonal allergies come up, we often think about pollen and symptomatic remedies. Much less often do we consider the inner terrain the immune system is working on. And yet this is exactly where the gut microbiome can make the difference: not as a miracle solution, but as one of the factors that helps make the immune response more or less balanced.

The most recent reviews on allergic rhinitis actually emphasize that gut dysbiosis, reduced beneficial microbial metabolites, and a disorderly lifestyle can contribute to greater allergic reactivity. That's why it makes sense to work on diet, sleep, stress, and daily rhythm, even when the main goal seems to concern only the nose, eyes, or mucous membranes.

Diet: nourishing the microbiome, not just "eating healthy"

The first step is also the most concrete one: giving the microbiome the food it needs. A fiber-poor diet, rich in ultra-processed products, simple sugars, and low-quality fats, tends to reduce the diversity of the gut microbiome and weaken the production of metabolites useful for immune regulation.

On the contrary, a diet richer in:

• vegetables

• fruit

• legumes

• less refined grains

• seeds and nuts

• polyphenol-rich foods

helps support the gut bacteria involved in producing compounds like short-chain fatty acids, which play an important role in maintaining the gut barrier and modulating the immune response.

This doesn't mean following a perfect or restrictive diet. It simply means building a foundation more favorable to the microbiome, day after day. In this sense, the Swiss Natural Med article on prebiotics and probiotics is an excellent complementary read, useful to internally link, because it helps clarify what nourishes the microbiome and what may possibly supplement it.
👉 Prebiotics and probiotics: what they are, differences, and what they're for
https://swissnaturalmed.ch/en/blogs/magazine/prebiotici-e-probiotici-cosa-sono

The role of sleep and stress during allergy season

Seasonal allergies don't depend only on diet. Stress and sleep can also influence how the body experiences pollen season. When the nervous system stays activated for a long time, the gut tends to become more vulnerable: motility changes, sleep quality worsens, and the gut microbiome can lose part of its stability. This contributes to creating a context less favorable to immune tolerance.

For this reason, alongside working on diet, it makes sense to also take care of a few very practical aspects:

• regular sleep schedules

• exposure to natural light in the morning

• reducing screen exposure in the last hour before bed

• breaks during the day to lower stress load

• moderate but consistent physical activity

These are the same pillars Swiss Natural Med has already developed well in the articles on energy, cortisol, and the microbiome, and which come in handy here to give the cluster editorial continuity.
👉 Year-end fatigue: how to support energy naturally
https://swissnaturalmed.ch/en/blogs/magazine/come-sostenere-energia-fine-anno-in-modo-naturale
👉 Gut and mood: how the microbiome influences stress, sleep, and mental clarity
https://swissnaturalmed.ch/en/blogs/magazine/intestino-e-umore-come-il-microbiota-influenza-stress-sonno-e-lucidita-mentale

Does it make sense to talk about histamine?

For some readers, especially the more informed ones, the topic of histamine may come up. It's worth mentioning with caution. Histamine is one of the molecules involved in the allergic response, but it's not advisable to turn this article into a rigid guide to "anti-histamine" diets or improvised food exclusions.

From a Swiss Natural Med perspective, it's more useful to keep the focus on:

• balance of the gut microbiome

• overall diet quality

• reducing the general inflammatory load

• supporting the physiological immune response

In other words, it's more useful to think in terms of terrain than to chase a single dietary culprit.

A simple but effective logic

If we had to summarize this chapter in one sentence, it would be this:

to get through allergy season better, it's not enough to reduce pollen exposure: it's also worth supporting the microbiome and creating a more stable immune terrain.

This means:

• a diet richer in fiber and protective plant compounds

• fewer ultra-processed products and disorderly meals

• more attention to sleep, stress, and movement

• possible consideration of targeted support with probiotics, but only within a broader strategy

Probiotics for seasonal allergies: when they really make sense

When seasonal allergies come up, the idea of using probiotics arises almost spontaneously. If the gut microbiome influences the immune response, then supporting it should also help with allergic rhinitis. This reasoning, in general, isn't wrong. The point is that reality is more nuanced: probiotics can play a role as additional support, but they aren't an automatic solution and don't replace standard clinical management.

The most recent reviews and meta-analyses confirm this clearly: some probiotics, used as support in allergic rhinitis, can be associated with improvements in certain symptoms and quality of life, especially when embedded within a broader strategy. Results, however, aren't uniform and depend heavily on strains, dosages, and treatment duration.

What the literature says today

The most recent evidence suggests that probiotic therapy can play an adjuvant role, but isn't strong enough to turn probiotics into a single standard for all patients with seasonal allergies. In practice, the correct message is this:

• probiotics can be useful in certain contexts

• they don't all work the same way

• they don't replace antihistamines, prescribed therapies, or specialist evaluations

• they make more sense when diet, stress, sleep, and gut terrain are also being worked on

This is an important distinction, because it allows the topic to be treated seriously: neither excessive enthusiasm nor automatic skepticism.

When it makes sense to consider them

Support with probiotics can be assessed, with a professional, especially when the reader recognizes themselves in a broader picture in which seasonal allergies are accompanied by:

• bloating

• irregular bowel movements

• sensitive digestion

• greater fatigue during pollen periods

• a feeling of more unstable inflammatory terrain

In these cases, probiotics aren't thought of as a "remedy for the nose", but as a tool to support the gut microbiome and, indirectly, a better-regulated immune response.

The right criterion: terrain first, then support

Here the point is very similar to what also emerged in the articles on gut and skin and gut and immune defense: first you work on the terrain, then you add support.

This is why, from a Swiss Natural Med perspective, the right criterion isn't "I'll take a probiotic because I have pollen allergy", but rather:

• I assess whether my gut is showing signs of imbalance

• I make the terrain more favorable through diet, fiber, sleep, and reducing inflammatory load

• I add a probiotic if it makes sense within this logic

On this, the internal Swiss Natural Med content worth referencing is very useful:
👉 Prebiotics and probiotics: what they are, differences, and what they're for
https://swissnaturalmed.ch/en/blogs/magazine/prebiotici-e-probiotici-cosa-sono

The most coherent Swiss product

Within this article, the most fitting Swiss product is PRO-BIO24, presented on the site as a natural probiotic supplement with 24 billion bacteria per capsule, designed for gut wellbeing. It's the most coherent reference if you want to introduce support for the gut microbiome with a general rebalancing logic.
👉 PRO-BIO24 – Natural Probiotics
https://swissnaturalmed.ch/products/pro-bio24-probiotici-naturali/

Here too, however, positioning must remain clear: PRO-BIO24 isn't a product "for allergic rhinitis", but a supplement for supporting the gut microbiome, to be used when indicated within a comprehensive strategy and not as a treatment for seasonal allergies.

What to avoid

When addressing the topic of probiotics and seasonal allergies, it's worth avoiding two opposite mistakes.

The first is presenting them as a miracle solution. The literature doesn't support that. The results are interesting, but still heterogeneous.

The second is dismissing them as useless. That would also be wrong. In some clinical contexts and for some people, working on the gut microbiome can represent sensible support, especially as part of an integrated strategy.

The more sensible position lies in the middle: probiotics can make sense, but only within a coherent path.

A gut-allergy approach in the Swiss Natural Med style

When seasonal allergies come up, the goal isn't to find a shortcut that silences symptoms overnight, but to create a context in which the gut microbiome, immune system, and lifestyle can work together in a more balanced way.

The most recent reviews on the relationship between the microbiome and allergic rhinitis insist precisely on this point: interventions on the microbiome make more sense when embedded within a broader strategy that includes diet, sleep, stress management and, when indicated, targeted support like probiotics.

Morning: stability and rhythm

The first hours of the day are useful for giving the body clear signals of regularity. During pollen season, it can help to:

• start with a simple but complete breakfast, avoiding overly fast blood sugar spikes

• hydrate well right after waking up

• get exposure to natural light as early as possible

• not start immediately with coffee, sugar, and rushing

When the picture includes bloating, irregular bowel movements, or a feeling that the gut worsens precisely during allergy periods, the professional may consider a gut microbiome support like PRO-BIO24 as a foundation, which Swiss Natural Med presents as a natural probiotic supplement with 24 billion bacteria per capsule for gut wellbeing.
👉 PRO-BIO24 – Natural Probiotics
https://swissnaturalmed.ch/products/pro-bio24-probiotici-naturali/

Here the point always stays the same: PRO-BIO24 isn't "the product for allergies", but coherent support when allergy season grafts onto not-very-stable gut terrain.

During the day: lowering the inflammatory load

In the central hours of the day, the keyword is consistency. The body tends to manage allergy season better when it isn't continuously pushed toward energy swings, disorderly meals, and high stress.

It can help to:

• take small movement and breathing breaks

• avoid whole days spent in constant tension

Evening: recovery, sleep, and continuity

The evening also carries significant weight. Allergy season experienced with little sleep and lots of stress tends to feel heavier, because the immune system and nervous system are already working under greater vulnerability.

For this reason, it can help to:

• have a light dinner with some margin before bedtime

• reduce exposure to screens and stimuli in the last hours

• create a small relaxation ritual

• keep a regular bedtime

Sleep quality doesn't just affect next-day energy, but also the organism's ability to modulate inflammation and immune response — two central aspects when it comes to seasonal allergies and the gut microbiome.

A more realistic approach

If we had to summarize this protocol in one sentence, it would be this:

first stabilize the terrain, then assess the most suitable support.

This means:

• working on the gut microbiome

• improving daily diet

• lowering stress load

• protecting sleep

• using any probiotics only within a coherent path

It's a slower approach compared to the promise of an immediate solution, but also much more credible and closer to what current literature suggests about the relationship between gut, allergic rhinitis, and immune system.

FAQ on seasonal allergies, gut microbiome, and probiotics

Do seasonal allergies depend only on pollen?

No. Pollen is the external trigger, but the response with which the body reacts also depends on the immune terrain. The most recent research shows that allergic rhinitis is associated with differences in the gut microbiome, and that this can influence the regulation of the allergic response.

Can the gut microbiome influence allergic rhinitis?

Yes, it can play a role. Current literature describes the relationship between the gut microbiome, respiratory mucosa, and immune response through the so-called gut-lung or gut-nose axis. In practice, some studies suggest that a more balanced gut may be associated with a better-regulated immune response, while dysbiosis may be associated with greater reactivity.

Do probiotics really help with seasonal allergies?

They can be useful as additional support, but they aren't a miracle solution. The most recent reviews indicate promising results for certain allergic rhinitis symptoms and quality of life, but effects depend heavily on strains, dosages, and duration. That's why they should be read as part of a broader path, not as substitutes for standard therapy.

When does it make sense to consider a probiotic like PRO-BIO24?

It makes more sense when seasonal allergies are accompanied by gut signals like bloating, irregular digestion, or unstable bowel movements, and when the goal is to work on the gut microbiome terrain. It should, however, be embedded within a comprehensive strategy that includes diet, sleep, and stress management.

What should you eat during allergy season?

There's no single "anti-allergy" diet, but it makes sense to favor a diet that supports the gut microbiome:

• more fiber from vegetables, fruit, legumes, and less refined grains

• more plant compounds like polyphenols

• fewer ultra-processed products, added sugars, and very disorderly meals

Are pollen allergy and the gut connected even if I don't have obvious digestive issues?

They can still be. It's not necessary to have very pronounced gut symptoms for the gut microbiome to influence the immune response. However, when pollen allergy, fatigue, worse sleep, and a more sensitive gut appear together, the link to a less stable immune and gut terrain becomes even more plausible.

Does it make sense to work on gut and allergies even if I already take antihistamines?

Yes, but with the right perspective. Antihistamines and other therapies remain the reference for clinical management of symptoms, while working on the gut microbiome, diet, and lifestyle can make sense as complementary support. Microbiome strategies should therefore be read as adjuvant, not substitutive.

Are seasonal allergies and disturbed sleep connected?

They can be. Nasal congestion, breathing discomfort, or irritation can worsen rest quality. Sleeping well remains an important pillar of overall recovery.

Can stress worsen allergy season?

Prolonged stress can affect overall wellbeing, sleep, and gut balance. That's why many people perceive seasonal periods as heavier during times of intense tension.

Why do I digest worse during pollen season?

It can depend on several factors: stress, routine changes, less regular sleep, disorderly meals, or greater personal sensitivity. The problem isn't always directly linked to pollen.

What should you eat during allergy season?

It's sensible to opt for a balanced diet, rich in vegetables, fiber, legumes, and minimally processed foods. This approach supports the microbiome and general wellbeing.

Which foods help the gut microbiome?

Vegetables, fruit, legumes, oats, seeds, whole grains, and fiber-rich foods are among the most useful. Dietary variety is also important.

Can sugar and ultra-processed foods worsen the general terrain?

A diet very rich in added sugar and ultra-processed products isn't ideal for metabolic and gut balance. Better to favor simple, nutrient-rich foods.

Why is fiber important for the microbiome?

Fiber is food for many beneficial gut bacteria. An adequate daily intake contributes to normal gut function.

Does drinking more water help during seasonal periods?

Good hydration supports the organism's normal physiological functions and is always useful, especially during seasonal changes.

Do probiotics help with seasonal allergies?

Probiotics don't cure seasonal allergies. However, they can be considered as support for the gut microbiome and general wellbeing within a broader strategy.

When does it make sense to use a probiotic?

It can make sense during periods when you want to support gut balance, especially in the presence of bloating, irregularity, or stress periods.

Are all probiotics the same?

No. Strains used, quantity, production quality, and formulation vary. That's why product choice matters.

How much time does it take to evaluate a probiotic?

It depends on the individual context and consistency of use. Generally, continuity over a few weeks is needed, following the indications provided.

Can probiotics and antihistamines be combined?

In many cases, yes, since they serve different purposes. In case of doubts, therapies, or particular conditions, it's correct to consult a healthcare professional.

How do you choose a quality probiotic?

Better to look for products with declared strains, transparent dosage, guaranteed stability, and a reliable company. Label clarity also matters a great deal.

Better single-strain or multi-strain?

It depends on the goal. Multi-strain products are often chosen for broader microbiome support, while single-strain products can be used in more targeted strategies.

When should you start support before pollen season?

Many people prefer to work on the terrain in advance, starting a few weeks before the critical period, always based on individual needs.

Does it make sense to work on the gut even without digestive complaints?

Yes. The gut microbiome isn't just about digestion; it participates in overall wellbeing and the organism's balance.

What is the most complete approach to dealing with allergy season?

The most rational approach combines a balanced lifestyle, regular sleep, stress management, careful diet and, when appropriate, targeted support like a multi-strain probiotic for the gut microbiome. Specific supplements like PRO-BIO24 can fit into this logic of general support, without replacing any medical therapies.

Bibliography

Scientific sources

1. Association between gut microbiota and allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
   PubMed / PeerJ, 2025
   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40444284/

2. Gut microbiota metabolites and key target molecules in allergic rhinitis
   Frontiers in Microbiology, 2025
   https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1702518/full

3. Gut–lung axis in allergic rhinitis: microbial dysbiosis and therapeutic strategies
   Frontiers in Microbiology, 2025
   https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1654997/full

4. Microbiome-immune crosstalk in allergic rhinitis: lung and intestinal perspectives
   Frontiers in Microbiology, 2025
   https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1697226/full

5. Probiotic therapy as adjuvant for allergic rhinitis: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
   Frontiers in Medicine, 2025
   https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1711096/full

6. Gut microbiome modulation in allergic rhinitis: from current evidence to future perspectives
   Frontiers in Allergy, 2026
   https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/allergy/articles/10.3389/falgy.2026.1761840/full

7. Efficacy of different probiotic regimens for allergic rhinitis
   PubMed / network meta-analysis, 2025
   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39837158/

Swiss Natural Med products mentioned

• PRO-BIO24 – Natural Probiotics
  https://swissnaturalmed.ch/products/pro-bio24-probiotici-naturali/